• Tiny traces, long histories. 🌿⠀
⠀
How do archaeologists recognise ginger, turmeric or cloves when the food itself has disappeared? And what was happening at Cambodia’s Baset village centuries before its royal temple was built?⠀
⠀
This week’s extra-large SEAArch newsletter explores two new papers on ancient food and village life, alongside two weeks of discoveries, conservation news and heritage debates from across Southeast Asia.⠀
⠀
A shoutout, too, to everyone gathering in Bali for the Asia Pacific Conference on Maritime & Underwater Cultural Heritage!⠀
⠀
Read the full edition through the link in bio.⠀
⠀
#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #SEAArch #Archaeology #Archaeobotany
  • What was inside these pottery vessels 3,000 years ago?

In Peninsular Malaysia, researchers have found something unexpected preserved in prehistoric pottery: traces of milk.

A new study analysed 15 pottery fragments from three archaeological cave sites—Gua Cha, Gua Kajang and Gua Harimau—using techniques that can identify microscopic traces of foods absorbed into ceramics.

Among the substances detected were caseins and β-lactoglobulin, proteins found in milk. Their presence provides the earliest direct evidence yet reported for dairy processing in equatorial Mainland Southeast Asia, dating to around 3,000 years ago.

Archaeologists have long struggled to establish when farming and animal domestication became part of life in prehistoric Peninsular Malaysia. Unlike sites further north in Southeast Asia, clear evidence of early livestock management and cultivation has been difficult to find here, partly because animal bones and plant remains are often poorly preserved.

The milk proteins suggest that Neolithic communities were processing dairy products thousands of years ago. This does not necessarily mean they were raising dairy animals locally but it provides an important new piece of evidence for understanding food production and consumption in the region.

The researchers also identified traces of plant and animal foods, suggesting that these vessels were used for a variety of food-processing activities.

Reference
Goh et al. 2026. “Pottery residues provide earliest direct evidence for domestication and dairy processing in equatorial Mainland Southeast Asia.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 75, 106066.
10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.106066

#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #SEAArch #Archaeology #MalaysiaArchaeology #milk
  • FORTS, FINDS AND FAST BIKES! ⠀
⠀
Archaeology isn
  • This week in Southeast Asian Archaeology:⠀
⠀
💀 What decades of funerary archaeology can tell us about the changing field of bioarchaeology in Indonesia.⠀
⠀
🏛️ Reconstructing the lost palaces of Lý dynasty Đại Việt—and what archaeology at Thăng Long reveals about their architecture.⠀
⠀
🙏 Two devas at Angkor Thom’s Victory Gate get their heads back, complete with an “eye-opening” ceremony.⠀
⠀
🪨 And the Singapore Stone has become Stoney, an absurdly adorable plushie - I want one.⠀
⠀
All that and much more in this week’s Stones, Skeletons and State Rooms.⠀
⠀
#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #Indonesia #Vietnam #Cambodia #Singapore
  • 🏺 CAVES, COMMUNITIES AND CULTURAL MEMORY⠀
⠀
An archaeological site doesn’t stop changing once the excavation ends.⠀
⠀
This week, we look at Ban Chiang through the memories of the people who live there, and at Sri Mahosot, where an ancient landscape remains part of contemporary worship and community identity.⠀
⠀
Also this week:⠀
⠀
🇵🇭 Rescue archaeology at a cave in Romblon⠀
🇮🇩 A possible Kadiri-era site in East Java⠀
🇻🇳 A new forest-and-heritage trail at Mỹ Sơn⠀
🇰🇭 Angkorian Buddhist sculpture⠀
📢 SPAFACON 2027 call for abstracts⠀
💼 New archaeology and heritage jobs⠀
💰 Grants, fellowships and PhD opportunities⠀
⠀
…plus archaeology and heritage stories from across Southeast Asia.⠀
⠀
Caves, Communities and Cultural Memory⠀
Southeast Asian Archaeology Newsletter | 21–27 September 2026⠀
⠀
🔗 Link in bio / southeastasianarchaeology.substack.com⠀
⠀
#Archaeology #SoutheastAsianArchaeology #SoutheastAsia
  • One river in northern Vietnam has yielded a remarkable record of more than 2,000 years of boatbuilding.

From the bed of the Kinh Thầy River at Cầu Bình, researchers documented 23 boat remains, including eight virtually complete logboat hulls and fragments of bows, sterns and planks. Radiocarbon dates place most of them between roughly 700 BCE and 1500 CE. 

Many hulls showed signs of sophisticated work beyond simply hollowing out a tree trunk. The hulls could be widened during manufacture, while wooden thwarts or bulkheads helped maintain their expanded shape. Some boats also carried additional boards along their upper edges, attached through holes with fibre lashings.

Around 2,000 years ago, during the late Đông Sơn and Han periods, several examples reveal another solution: mortise-and-tenon joints locked with wooden dowels. One boat even combined these joints with lashing holes. In later centuries, other Cầu Bình boats were built without this particular system.

This shows that over 2,200 years, boatbuilders used, combined and abandoned different solutions while continuing a long tradition of wooden river craft in the northern Red River Delta.

Reference
Bellwood, Nguyễn, , Lê, Hung, & Calo. 2026. “A 2,200-Year Logboat Sequence (700 BCE–1500 CE) from the Northern Red River Delta, Vietnam.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.
DOI: 10.1080/10572414.2026.2717219

#VietnamArchaeology #SoutheastAsianArchaeology #MaritimeArchaeology #NauticalArchaeology #RedRiverDelta
  • 🏺 Palaces, Pots and Porcelain⠀
⠀
Xin Chào! 🇻🇳 It’s a very Vietnam-heavy week in Southeast Asian archaeology: imperial palaces, ceremonial architecture, ancient brick tombs, early tile kilns, Cham heritage and the return of a Đông Sơn bronze drum.⠀
⠀
🔬 New research from Malaysia finds molecular evidence for dairy processing around 3,000 years ago.⠀
⠀
🏺 And in the Philippines, some very unusual earthenware decorated with fragments of Chinese porcelain tells a story about Manila, material culture and the early colonial encounter.⠀
⠀
There’s plenty more from around Southeast Asia in this week’s newsletter.⠀
⠀
Palaces, Pots and Porcelain — read via the link in bio.⠀
⠀
#Archaeology #SoutheastAsianArchaeology #VietnamArchaeology #MalaysiaArchaeology #PhilippineArchaeology
  • A 4.38-metre-long wooden rudder from the west coast of Sumatra is providing a rare glimpse of Southeast Asian seafaring around 1,300 years ago.

The rudder was recovered at the Bongal Site in Central Tapanuli, North Sumatra. Today the site lies inland, but geomorphological research suggests that in the 7th–8th centuries CE it was part of a shallow bay or estuarine environment.

The quarter rudder was carved from a single log and measures 4.38 metres long. Radiocarbon dating of the wood produced a calibrated date of 656–687 CE, making it the earliest securely dated rudder currently known from Southeast Asia.

Researchers also documented hull planks with raised wooden lugs, dowels and surviving palm-fibre ropes. These suggest that parts of these boats were pegged and tied together—a construction method archaeologists call the Southeast Asian lashed-lug tradition. Differences between the surviving planks even suggest that several vessels may have been present. 

Bongal also produced ceramics, glass, beads and coins pointing to connections with much wider exchange networks. The researchers do not argue that the Bongal boats themselves were making long-distance voyages across the Indian Ocean, but propose that locally constructed vessels formed part of a regional maritime network, moving through rivers and along Sumatra’s coast and connecting communities there to broader systems of exchange.

Reference
Mochtar et al. 2026. “Lashed-Lug Boats from the Bongal Site: New Evidence for Early Maritime Networks on the West Coast of Sumatra.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.
10.1080/10572414.2026.2714901

#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #Indonesia #Sumatra #MaritimeArchaeology #NauticalArchaeology
  • Betel, Boats and Border Stones is this week’s Southeast Asian Archaeology Newsletter.⠀
⠀
This issue starts with a fascinating new paper on ancient teeth from South Sulawesi, where unusual dental wear may point to the habitual sucking of whole areca nuts by pre-agricultural foragers.⠀
⠀
Then we move from teeth to timbers: lashed-lug boat remains from Bongal on Sumatra’s west coast, including a 7th-century quarter rudder, add new detail to Southeast Asia’s early maritime networks.⠀
⠀
And yes, there are more boats: Phanom Surin in Thailand and the Butuan boat sites in the Philippines both make appearances this week.⠀
⠀
Plus: Preah Vihear, Koh Ker, Prambanan, Đông Sơn drums, repatriation, digital heritage, and more.⠀
⠀
Read the full issue at the link in bio.⠀
⠀
#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #Archaeology #MaritimeArchaeology
  • People in Sulawesi may have been habitually using a neuroactive plant as far back as 25,000–16,000 years ago.

A new study in Science Advances examines two preagricultural foragers from South Sulawesi, Indonesia, separated by thousands of years but sharing an unusual dental pattern: deep, rounded, circumferential wear that does not match ordinary chewing. The researchers argue that the wear formed through repeatedly holding, sucking or gently gnawing a small, hard object in different parts of the mouth. 

Using LC-MS, the team detected arecoline—a characteristic alkaloid of areca, or “betel”, nut—in dental samples from both individuals. One came from Leang Bulu Bettue and dates to 25–16 ka; the other, from Leang Cappalombo 1, is associated with deposits dating to around 7.6–6.3 ka. 

This was probably not betel chewing in the form familiar today. Modern betel quid typically combines processed areca nut with slaked lime and other ingredients. To test whether a simpler practice was plausible, the researchers soaked intact areca nuts and applied the resulting solutions to cells expressing human receptors. The experiments showed that intact nuts could release physiologically active arecoline without slaked lime. Combined with the dental wear, chemical residues and experiments support the authors’ interpretation that these foragers habitually sucked whole areca nuts.

For now, the sample is just two individuals, and psuggestions that the nuts were used for stimulation, pain relief or medicinal purposes remain hypotheses. What the study does show is that habitual neuroactive plant use may reach far deeper into the hunter-gatherer past than the archaeological record had previously demonstrated. 

Reference
Brumm et al. 2026. “Betel nut sucking is the earliest recorded evidence for the habitual use of a neuroactive plant drug.” Science Advances.
10.1126/sciadv.aei1901

#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #Sulawesi #IndonesiaArchaeology #Prehistory #BetelNut
Tuesday, November 3, 2026
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Mummies in the Philippines

9 August 2006
in Philippines
Tags: Benguet (province)bioarchaeologyIbaloi (people)Kabayan (municipality)mummyPhilippine Cordilleras (region)
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An unusual post by comparison, because it’s not based on a news report. I managed to catch the Fire Mummies of the Philippines that was showing on Discovery Channel (Asia) over these last two days which led me to do a web search about the mummies in Philippines, especially since there isn’t usually a lot of news on the archaeology of Philippines.

The mummies of Kabayan, in the Benguet Province, part of the Cordillera mountain range in North Luzon (the main island of the Philippines) is home to the Ibaloi people, who have a tradition of mummifying their dead between the 13th and 16th century. This practice was stopped by Spanish colonisers who introduced Christianity and the practice of burial.

Like most mummy-making processes, the bodies are preserved by dehydration. The dying or dead person is made to ingest salt water to dry the internal organs. Upon death, the body is sat above a small fire to expel fluids from the body. Finally, the body is sun-dried with the help of the community and placed in a prepared pinewood coffin. The coffins are interred in burial caves carved into the rock through the mountain. The entire process takes approximately two years.

Over 200 caves have been identified, and 15 of them contain human remains. It is suspected that the locals know of the existence of more mummies, but are unwilling to disclose their location because of widespread looting that has taken place. Looting for skulls and teeth by private collectors overseas have led to massive destruction of many of the bodies, while some locals go after fingers and fingernails as talismans for good luck. There simply isn’t enough funding to go around to protect these sites, even after having been flagged by Monument Watch.

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Comments 2

  1. Liz says:
    20 years ago

    I manged to see this Discovery programme on M’sian TV last night. Fascinating. But its a shame that they cannot protect the cave sites more. As the researcher Orlando said, he returns every month to the caves,but he doesn’t know if they have been raided in the meantime.

  2. Grace says:
    19 years ago

    Hi there,

    Would you please kindly advise if you remember the title or any important works or books regarding this topic?

    I am from Ibaloi tribe from my mother’s side; I grew up on these mountains when I was little….. Whilst I am now living in Australia, the memories and the strong blood runs in me and I am quite sad when I heard about this looting a few years ago. Googling is not bringing much information, but I hope I can find this documentary with your help.

    I recently went back home to attend the ceremony of honoring my grandfather, uncle and great grandmother’s death – the ceremonies are still the same, and have not changed for years. How I was the centuries of history in our ancestors have not been violated andn touched through greed…but there is still our culture left and the wonderful people.

    Many thanks for your help, if any.

    Cheers,
    G.-

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