• What was inside these pottery vessels 3,000 years ago?

In Peninsular Malaysia, researchers have found something unexpected preserved in prehistoric pottery: traces of milk.

A new study analysed 15 pottery fragments from three archaeological cave sites—Gua Cha, Gua Kajang and Gua Harimau—using techniques that can identify microscopic traces of foods absorbed into ceramics.

Among the substances detected were caseins and β-lactoglobulin, proteins found in milk. Their presence provides the earliest direct evidence yet reported for dairy processing in equatorial Mainland Southeast Asia, dating to around 3,000 years ago.

Archaeologists have long struggled to establish when farming and animal domestication became part of life in prehistoric Peninsular Malaysia. Unlike sites further north in Southeast Asia, clear evidence of early livestock management and cultivation has been difficult to find here, partly because animal bones and plant remains are often poorly preserved.

The milk proteins suggest that Neolithic communities were processing dairy products thousands of years ago. This does not necessarily mean they were raising dairy animals locally but it provides an important new piece of evidence for understanding food production and consumption in the region.

The researchers also identified traces of plant and animal foods, suggesting that these vessels were used for a variety of food-processing activities.

Reference
Goh et al. 2026. “Pottery residues provide earliest direct evidence for domestication and dairy processing in equatorial Mainland Southeast Asia.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 75, 106066.
10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.106066

#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #SEAArch #Archaeology #MalaysiaArchaeology #milk
  • FORTS, FINDS AND FAST BIKES! ⠀
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Archaeology isn
  • This week in Southeast Asian Archaeology:⠀
⠀
💀 What decades of funerary archaeology can tell us about the changing field of bioarchaeology in Indonesia.⠀
⠀
🏛️ Reconstructing the lost palaces of Lý dynasty Đại Việt—and what archaeology at Thăng Long reveals about their architecture.⠀
⠀
🙏 Two devas at Angkor Thom’s Victory Gate get their heads back, complete with an “eye-opening” ceremony.⠀
⠀
🪨 And the Singapore Stone has become Stoney, an absurdly adorable plushie - I want one.⠀
⠀
All that and much more in this week’s Stones, Skeletons and State Rooms.⠀
⠀
#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #Indonesia #Vietnam #Cambodia #Singapore
  • 🏺 CAVES, COMMUNITIES AND CULTURAL MEMORY⠀
⠀
An archaeological site doesn’t stop changing once the excavation ends.⠀
⠀
This week, we look at Ban Chiang through the memories of the people who live there, and at Sri Mahosot, where an ancient landscape remains part of contemporary worship and community identity.⠀
⠀
Also this week:⠀
⠀
🇵🇭 Rescue archaeology at a cave in Romblon⠀
🇮🇩 A possible Kadiri-era site in East Java⠀
🇻🇳 A new forest-and-heritage trail at Mỹ Sơn⠀
🇰🇭 Angkorian Buddhist sculpture⠀
📢 SPAFACON 2027 call for abstracts⠀
💼 New archaeology and heritage jobs⠀
💰 Grants, fellowships and PhD opportunities⠀
⠀
…plus archaeology and heritage stories from across Southeast Asia.⠀
⠀
Caves, Communities and Cultural Memory⠀
Southeast Asian Archaeology Newsletter | 21–27 September 2026⠀
⠀
🔗 Link in bio / southeastasianarchaeology.substack.com⠀
⠀
#Archaeology #SoutheastAsianArchaeology #SoutheastAsia
  • One river in northern Vietnam has yielded a remarkable record of more than 2,000 years of boatbuilding.

From the bed of the Kinh Thầy River at Cầu Bình, researchers documented 23 boat remains, including eight virtually complete logboat hulls and fragments of bows, sterns and planks. Radiocarbon dates place most of them between roughly 700 BCE and 1500 CE. 

Many hulls showed signs of sophisticated work beyond simply hollowing out a tree trunk. The hulls could be widened during manufacture, while wooden thwarts or bulkheads helped maintain their expanded shape. Some boats also carried additional boards along their upper edges, attached through holes with fibre lashings.

Around 2,000 years ago, during the late Đông Sơn and Han periods, several examples reveal another solution: mortise-and-tenon joints locked with wooden dowels. One boat even combined these joints with lashing holes. In later centuries, other Cầu Bình boats were built without this particular system.

This shows that over 2,200 years, boatbuilders used, combined and abandoned different solutions while continuing a long tradition of wooden river craft in the northern Red River Delta.

Reference
Bellwood, Nguyễn, , Lê, Hung, & Calo. 2026. “A 2,200-Year Logboat Sequence (700 BCE–1500 CE) from the Northern Red River Delta, Vietnam.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.
DOI: 10.1080/10572414.2026.2717219

#VietnamArchaeology #SoutheastAsianArchaeology #MaritimeArchaeology #NauticalArchaeology #RedRiverDelta
  • 🏺 Palaces, Pots and Porcelain⠀
⠀
Xin Chào! 🇻🇳 It’s a very Vietnam-heavy week in Southeast Asian archaeology: imperial palaces, ceremonial architecture, ancient brick tombs, early tile kilns, Cham heritage and the return of a Đông Sơn bronze drum.⠀
⠀
🔬 New research from Malaysia finds molecular evidence for dairy processing around 3,000 years ago.⠀
⠀
🏺 And in the Philippines, some very unusual earthenware decorated with fragments of Chinese porcelain tells a story about Manila, material culture and the early colonial encounter.⠀
⠀
There’s plenty more from around Southeast Asia in this week’s newsletter.⠀
⠀
Palaces, Pots and Porcelain — read via the link in bio.⠀
⠀
#Archaeology #SoutheastAsianArchaeology #VietnamArchaeology #MalaysiaArchaeology #PhilippineArchaeology
  • A 4.38-metre-long wooden rudder from the west coast of Sumatra is providing a rare glimpse of Southeast Asian seafaring around 1,300 years ago.

The rudder was recovered at the Bongal Site in Central Tapanuli, North Sumatra. Today the site lies inland, but geomorphological research suggests that in the 7th–8th centuries CE it was part of a shallow bay or estuarine environment.

The quarter rudder was carved from a single log and measures 4.38 metres long. Radiocarbon dating of the wood produced a calibrated date of 656–687 CE, making it the earliest securely dated rudder currently known from Southeast Asia.

Researchers also documented hull planks with raised wooden lugs, dowels and surviving palm-fibre ropes. These suggest that parts of these boats were pegged and tied together—a construction method archaeologists call the Southeast Asian lashed-lug tradition. Differences between the surviving planks even suggest that several vessels may have been present. 

Bongal also produced ceramics, glass, beads and coins pointing to connections with much wider exchange networks. The researchers do not argue that the Bongal boats themselves were making long-distance voyages across the Indian Ocean, but propose that locally constructed vessels formed part of a regional maritime network, moving through rivers and along Sumatra’s coast and connecting communities there to broader systems of exchange.

Reference
Mochtar et al. 2026. “Lashed-Lug Boats from the Bongal Site: New Evidence for Early Maritime Networks on the West Coast of Sumatra.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.
10.1080/10572414.2026.2714901

#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #Indonesia #Sumatra #MaritimeArchaeology #NauticalArchaeology
  • Betel, Boats and Border Stones is this week’s Southeast Asian Archaeology Newsletter.⠀
⠀
This issue starts with a fascinating new paper on ancient teeth from South Sulawesi, where unusual dental wear may point to the habitual sucking of whole areca nuts by pre-agricultural foragers.⠀
⠀
Then we move from teeth to timbers: lashed-lug boat remains from Bongal on Sumatra’s west coast, including a 7th-century quarter rudder, add new detail to Southeast Asia’s early maritime networks.⠀
⠀
And yes, there are more boats: Phanom Surin in Thailand and the Butuan boat sites in the Philippines both make appearances this week.⠀
⠀
Plus: Preah Vihear, Koh Ker, Prambanan, Đông Sơn drums, repatriation, digital heritage, and more.⠀
⠀
Read the full issue at the link in bio.⠀
⠀
#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #Archaeology #MaritimeArchaeology
  • People in Sulawesi may have been habitually using a neuroactive plant as far back as 25,000–16,000 years ago.

A new study in Science Advances examines two preagricultural foragers from South Sulawesi, Indonesia, separated by thousands of years but sharing an unusual dental pattern: deep, rounded, circumferential wear that does not match ordinary chewing. The researchers argue that the wear formed through repeatedly holding, sucking or gently gnawing a small, hard object in different parts of the mouth. 

Using LC-MS, the team detected arecoline—a characteristic alkaloid of areca, or “betel”, nut—in dental samples from both individuals. One came from Leang Bulu Bettue and dates to 25–16 ka; the other, from Leang Cappalombo 1, is associated with deposits dating to around 7.6–6.3 ka. 

This was probably not betel chewing in the form familiar today. Modern betel quid typically combines processed areca nut with slaked lime and other ingredients. To test whether a simpler practice was plausible, the researchers soaked intact areca nuts and applied the resulting solutions to cells expressing human receptors. The experiments showed that intact nuts could release physiologically active arecoline without slaked lime. Combined with the dental wear, chemical residues and experiments support the authors’ interpretation that these foragers habitually sucked whole areca nuts.

For now, the sample is just two individuals, and psuggestions that the nuts were used for stimulation, pain relief or medicinal purposes remain hypotheses. What the study does show is that habitual neuroactive plant use may reach far deeper into the hunter-gatherer past than the archaeological record had previously demonstrated. 

Reference
Brumm et al. 2026. “Betel nut sucking is the earliest recorded evidence for the habitual use of a neuroactive plant drug.” Science Advances.
10.1126/sciadv.aei1901

#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #Sulawesi #IndonesiaArchaeology #Prehistory #BetelNut
  • Twenty-two small beads can preserve the traces of a much larger world of movement and exchange.

A new archaeometric study examines beads excavated in 2023 at Khok Phithak, within the ancient city of Khu Bua in Ratchaburi, central Thailand. Khu Bua was an important urban centre associated with the Dvaravatī cultural sphere, enclosed by earthen ramparts and moats and situated within the Mae Klong river system. 

The researchers analysed 21 glass beads and one chalcedony/agate bead, combining microscopic observations with VP-SEM-EDS, LA-ICP-MS and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Manufacturing traces—including axial colour streaks and elongated bubbles—indicate that most of the glass beads were made by drawing glass into tubes or canes before cutting them into individual beads. 

Their chemistry indicates that nineteen beads belong to the m-Na-Al-1 glass subgroup, consistent with glassmaking traditions documented in South Asia, particularly the wider technological sphere of southern India and Sri Lanka. Together with their manufacturing technique, the authors associate these beads with the large-scale Indo-Pacific beadmaking tradition. 

However, one blue bead, B014, is made from plant-ash soda–lime glass with a broad western Asian affinity—although the study cannot identify a specific production centre. Another remarkable bead, B007, appears to have been wound from recycled iron-smelting slag, suggesting an entirely different production history.

Rather than evidence for primary glassmaking at Khu Bua itself, the authors interpret the assemblage as reflecting an inland centre of consumption and possibly redistribution, connected through maritime and riverine networks to much wider systems of Indian Ocean exchange. 

Reference
Risteka et al. 2026. “Production Technology and Provenance of Dvaravatī Glass Beads from Khu Bua, Central Thailand: An Archaeometric Study.” Heritage 9, 347.
10.3390/heritage9090347

#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #ThailandArchaeology #Dvaravati #KhuBua #ancienttrade
Wednesday, October 21, 2026
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[Conference] Traditional pottery art of Cham People: Preservation and Development

29 October 2018
in Vietnam
Tags: call for papersceramicsChampa (kingdoms)
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Deadline is in a few days!

Pottery of Cham people in Bau Truc village (Palei Hamu Craok), Ninh Thuan province, is a kind of ancient pottery art in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. To preserve and promote this inherited property in the era of international integration, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism issued Document No. 2527/BVHTTDL-DSVH dated June 11, 2018; and the People’s Committee of Ninh Thuan province issued Document No. 3511/KH-UBND dated August 16, 2018 to proceed the plan of “Creating a profile of the Traditional pottery art of Cham People to submit to UNESCO to be introduced in the List of Intangible Cultural Heritages that needs urgent safeguarding”.

To implement the above plan, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and People’s Committee of Ninh Thuan province will co-organize a national and international conference on ” Traditional pottery art of Cham People: Preservation and Development “.

  1. CONTENT

The conference will focus on the following key issues:

  1. Identifying the ceramic heritage of Cham people in Vietnam and its typical values

– Identifying cultural heritage of pottery art of Cham people in Vietnam (including Cham Bau Truc pottery art  in Ninh Thuan province and Binh Duc pottery art in Binh Thuan province);

– Characteristics of traditional pottery art of Cham people and the influence of this heritage;

– Position, roles, and economic, cultural and social functions of Cham pottery art  in the communities;

2. The relationship between Cham and Churu ceramics with other pottery art centers in Vietnam and Asia

– Similarities and differences in form, artwork and customs and traditions associated with pottery and traditional pottery villages;

– Similarities and differences between the traditional pottery art of Cham people with other traditional ceramics in Vietnam and some countries in the world;

– The role and position of Cham ceramics in the maritime trade network and in the context of economic and cultural exchanges with countries in Southeast Asia in particular and Asia in general in history.

3. Status of Cham ceramics heritage, necessity and urgent measures of protection; Experience from some pottery villages in the world

– The status of the traditional pottery art of Cham people and the socio-economic issues affecting the vitality of the heritage;

– Cham pottery  villages in the system of craft villages in Vietnam;

– The need to protect the traditional pottery art  of Cham people; the community of Cham people to protect and promote the traditional art of making potteries;

– Experience in developing policies and legal rights for traditional handicraft artisans;

– Direction of the state and possible measures to protect the traditional pottery art of Cham people;

– Experience in planning, preserving and developing pottery villages in some Asian countries;

– International experience in preserving and developing pottery villages and in traditional handicraft villages in general;

– Experience in developing tourism in trade villages in some Asian countries.

II. TIME, VENUE AND HONORARIUM FOR PRESENTERS

1. Time – December 8- 9, 2018 (including a field trip).

2. Venue – Phan Rang – Thap Cham city, Ninh Thuan province, Vietnam

3. Honorarium for presenters– The cost of travel and accommodation for presenters and authors (including domestic and international guests) will be covered by the Organizing Committee.

III. PAPER FORMAT AND PAPER SUBMISSION

1. Paper format

– Language: Vietnamese and English

– Papers should be limited to a maximum of 15 pages, typed in Times New Roman, size 13 on A4 paper; spaced 1.5 centimeters,  Top: 1.5 centimeters; Bottom: 1.5 centimeters, Left: 3.5 centimeters, Right: 1.5 centimeters, Header: 1.25 centimeters, Footer: 1.25 centimeters.

– The paper includes an abstract of about 200 – 250 words; Keywords: 3 – 5 words, sorted in alphabetical order.

– A biography of the author (to be introduced at the conference and printed in the conference proceedings) should include the following information:Name/ Title / Degree / Year of graduation / Awarded by/Research interest or field of expertise / Institution /3 typical publications in the last 3 years

– The article should be divided into subsections numbered and printed as follows:

1, 2; 1.1, 1.2; 1.1.1, 1.1.2 and no further subdivision. Subsection title should be short, with no punctuation.

– Quotations should be in quotation marks, not in italics. Annotations are put in the bottom of the page. Type of material quotation: author, year of publication in parentheses (…), name of the work (italic), publisher’s shortcut, publication place (full, not abbreviated, e.g. Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh City, volume (abbreviated: p., v.), Page number (abbreviated in p.). Example:Van Mon (2001), Traditional pottery art of Cham People in Bau Truc – Ninh Thuan, Information Publishing House, Hanoi, p. 53.Ha Van Tan (2000), Village, Inter-village, Super-village (Thinking about Methods), in History Faculty of University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi National University, A Milestone of Historical Research (1995-2000), National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, p. 54.

– References are listed at the end of the article, numbered in order, sorted by author name in alphabetical order.

– Name of the author, academic title, institution, address, telephone number and e-mail address should be written under the article for further communication.

– The paper will be edited by a Review Panel. Satisfactory papers will be selected to be published into a reference book.
2. Time of submission– Abstracts and Biography: By November 1, 2018 – Full paper: By November 25, 2018

  1. Contact information

– Biography, abstract and full papers to be sent to:

+ Mr. Ho Si Son, Deputy Director of the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Ninh Thuan province; Tel: 0259 352 0000; Mobile: 090 799 7468; Email: hosyson1973@gmail.com

+ Dr. Dinh Van Hanh, Branch of Vietnam Institute of National Culture and Art in Ho Chi Minh City, 61 Mac Dinh Chi, Da Kao Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City; Tel: 0982 955 009; 028 3822 7529. Email: dinhvanhanh@yahoo.com

+ Ass. Prof. Dr. Truong Van Mon, University of Social Sciences and Humanities – Vietnam National University. Ho Chi Minh City, 10-12 Dinh Tien Hoang Street, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City; Tel: 097 272 3302; Email: Vanmonsakaya@yahoo.com.

 

On behalf of the Organizing Committee

CO-CHAIR
Le Van BinhVice
Chairman of the People’s Committee of  Ninh Thuan province

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