• This week on Southeast Asian Archaeology: fish traps, tidal flats and maritime memory.⠀
⠀
The main story looks at tambek, stone tidal fish weirs on Bawean Island in Indonesia. A new study records 54 of these structures and shows how they reflect local knowledge of tides, fish behaviour, construction, ownership and coastal life.⠀
⠀
Also in the highlights:⠀
⠀
Bronze and Iron Age layers beneath Korat’s historic city wall⠀
Nguyễn-era military posts at Hải Vân Pass⠀
A reminder that coastal archaeology is not always shipwrecks and trade ceramics⠀
Sometimes the quieter story is sitting in the tidal flats, waiting for the water to go out.⠀
⠀
Read the full issue: https://bit.ly/4wkInNI ⠀
⠀
#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #Archaeology #Indonesia #Bawean #MaritimeHeritage #CulturalHeritage #Thailand #Vietnam #HeritageConservation #IslandArchaeology
  • How do you catch fish without a net, hook or boat?⠀
⠀
On Bawean Island in Indonesia’s Java Sea, coastal communities developed tambek: stone walls built across the intertidal zone that use the movement of the tides to trap fish.⠀
⠀
A new study by Dwi Kurnia Sandy and colleagues documents these remarkable structures through archaeological survey, drone photography, interviews, historical sources and mapping. The researchers recorded different forms of tambek, from relatively simple U-shaped structures to more elaborate V-shaped systems directing fish into enclosed spaces. Their locations were carefully chosen around productive coastal environments, particularly extensive intertidal zones and mangroves.⠀
⠀
But tambek were more than fishing equipment. They were also part of Bawean’s social landscape. Individual structures could belong to particular families, with ownership remembered and passed down across generations. Tambek could even be traded, while customary rules governed who could fish around them at different stages of the tide.⠀
⠀
Today, new tambek are no longer being built and many surviving structures are little used or abandoned. The researchers link their decline to modern fishing technologies, damage to reefs and mangroves, and the gradual loss of knowledge about how the structures were used and maintained. Some have even been dismantled, with their stones reused for coastal infrastructure.⠀
⠀
The study highlights how archaeology can document not only things from the distant past, but also traditional technologies and knowledge systems that are disappearing within living memory.⠀
⠀
📖 Sandy, D. K., et al. 2026. “Tambek as Traditional Fish Trapping Techniques: The Role of Stone Tidal Fish Weirs in Bawean Island Indonesia’s Maritime Culture.” Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology.⠀
 DOI: 10.1080/15564894.2026.2703955⠀
⠀
#Archaeology #SoutheastAsianArchaeology #Indonesia #Bawean #MaritimeArchaeology #UnderwaterArchaeology #FishingHeritage #MaritimeHeritage #TraditionalKnowledge
  • Tiger bones. Blood-bound pigments. Temple walls. Digital museums.⠀
⠀
This week’s newsletter leads with two fascinating studies: evidence for Ice Age tigers living on Palawan, and research into blood-bearing mineral binders used in the Huashan rock art of southern China.⠀
⠀
Also inside: UNESCO decisions, Angkor conservation, Chăm heritage digitisation and the archaeology of wartime railways.⠀
⠀
Read Blood, Big Cats and Buffer Zones at the link in bio.⠀
⠀
#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #Archaeology #RockArt #Palawan #CulturalHeritage #MuseumStudies #AsianArchaeology
  • New issue out now — and it’s a bumper one.⠀
⠀
This week:⠀
Wat Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan becomes Thailand’s newest World Heritage Site; Fort Cornwallis and the Penang State Museum reopen with fresh questions about how colonial and local histories are told; and at Don Yai Thong, archaeologists continue the careful work of lifting fragile burials, gold ornaments and all.⠀
⠀
Also featuring Muna rock art, Angkor conservation, Butuan boats, Cham exhibitions, Bagan finds, and archaeology’s awkward cameo in South China Sea claims.⠀
⠀
Read via the link in bio.⠀
⠀
#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #Archaeology #WorldHeritage #Museum #CulturalHeritage #Thailand #Malaysia #Penang #Indonesia #Cambodia #Vietnam
  • This week in Southeast Asian Archaeology: Prambanan gets some renewed attention, Phimai Black pottery surfaces at Mun Bon Dam, and I’m taking a short break next week.⠀
⠀
The featured stories look at the new Indonesia–India conservation project at Prambanan, focusing on the temple complex’s ruined perwara shrines, and a striking Late Prehistoric find in northeast Thailand: a remarkably complete Phimai Black vessel discovered as water levels fell at Mun Bon Dam.⠀
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Temples, pottery, reservoirs, and a little scheduled rest. Back again on 27 July.⠀
⠀
Read this week’s newsletter: [link in bio]⠀
⠀
#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #Archaeology #Heritage #Prambanan #Thailand #Indonesia #Cambodia #Vietnam #CulturalHeritage #Substack
  • Gold rings, bronze drums, ancient burials, and better ethics in bioarchaeology — this week’s Southeast Asian Archaeology newsletter is a two-week catch-up edition.⠀
⠀
The lead story comes from Don Yai Thong in Phetchaburi, Thailand, where excavations have revealed gold ornaments, bronze drums, burials, beads, pottery and more. One newly reported gold signet ring bears Brahmi script, raising interesting questions about status, ritual and long-distance connections in the region.⠀
⠀
Also featured: a new paper on ethical collaboration when working with human remains in Southeast Asia — a timely reminder that care, respect, training, authorship and local authority are all part of good archaeological practice.⠀
⠀
Read the latest issue through the link in bio.
  • Cobbles, Caves and Committees 🪨⛰️📜⠀
⠀
This week’s Southeast Asian Archaeology newsletter moves from UNESCO heritage diplomacy to synchrotron science in Malaysia’s Nenggiri Valley, and then back into deep time with Early Palaeolithic cobble tools from Cambodia’s Mekong terraces.⠀
⠀
Cover image: Wat Phra Mahathat, Nakhon Si Thammarat — because temple towers do improve most things.⠀
⠀
Read the latest issue at the link in bio.⠀
⠀
#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #Archaeology #Heritage #Cambodia #Malaysia #UNESCO #WatPhraMahathat #NakhonSiThammarat #CulturalHeritage
  • This week in Southeast Asian Archaeology: broken pots, painted hands, and returning relics.⠀
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The main story is a new paper on Angkorian ceramics from Thala Borivat and Sambor, showing how Angkor’s eastern Mekong provinces were connected through roads, rivers, rapids and local choices — not one neat supply chain.⠀
⠀
Also featured: Tham Pha Mue in Laos opens to visitors, a site I studied and helped document; Cambodia welcomes the return of three sculptures from the US; plus updates from Bujang Valley, Mỹ Sơn and Bagan.⠀
⠀
Read this week’s issue: https://bit.ly/3QjsdVO ⠀
⠀
#SoutheastAsianArchaeology #Angkor #Cambodia #Laos #RockArt #Archaeology #Heritage #Mekong
  • Boats, pots, and prehistoric know-how this week at Southeast Asian Archaeology.⠀
⠀
In the new newsletter:⠀
🛶 outrigger boat motifs in Sulawesi rock art⠀
🏺 new perspectives on pottery in Timor-Leste⠀
👑 the restored Nguyen Dynasty throne⠀
🎟️ falling ticket sales at Angkor⠀
⚖️ a new book on archaeology and Philippine law⠀
⠀
#Archaeology #SoutheastAsia #Heritage #RockArt #TimorLeste #Indonesia
  • Brunei’s archaeology does not get nearly enough attention.⠀
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For this bonus post, I’m looking at Kota Batu Archaeological Park, the site of Brunei’s old capital. It is not a spectacular ruin in the usual sense — no towering temples, no monumental gateways — but its fragments tell a fascinating story: tombs, ceramics, sandstone pillar bases, river defences, house posts, imported wares, and traces of a working port city.⠀
⠀
Kota Batu shows Brunei not as a quiet corner of Southeast Asian archaeology, but as part of the maritime world that linked Borneo with China, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines and beyond.
Tuesday, August 18, 2026
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Evidence for iron smelting discovered in Malaysia

5 March 2009
in Malaysia
Tags: Bujang ValleyCentre for Global Archaeological Researchiron (metal)Kedah (state)MetallurgyMokhtar Saidin (person)smelting furnaceSungai Batu (site)
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New discoveries from the Bujang Valley, an hour away from Penang. While the news seems to stress on the 300 CE date of the Bujang Valley complex, this news isn’t actually new – what is significant about the find is the presence of apparently non-religious structures, particularly one used for metalworking. Until now, there has been little evidence for local metalworking in Malaysia for this period. This current investigation is part of a larger project to turn the bujang Valley into a heritage park. Oh, and there’s been a name change: the Centre for Archaeology Research, Malaysia is now the Global Centre for Archaeology Research.

Archaeologists find prehistoric building
Bernama, 04 March 2009

Civilisation dating back 300 A.D. found

The Sun, 04 March 2009

More sites of Bujang Kingdom
New Straits Times, 05 March 2009

After a month-long excavation, the archaeological team from the Universiti sains Malaysia Centre for Global Archaeological Research (PPAG) which was led by its director, Prof Dr Mokhtar Saidin, established that the sites were a building and an iron smelting site.

The team also proved that the sites existed in the 3rd century AD.

A sample of coal dug from the iron smelting site was dated to that time by the United States-based laboratory, Beta Analytic Inc in Florida, using carbon dating technology.
“We believe we have uncovered the other components of the Lembah Bujang kingdom, after the discovery of Hindu and Buddhist worshipping sites in the 1890s,” Mokhtar said at the site yesterday.

He said the first site could be a building, suggesting that it might have been a housing or an administration centre, while the iron smelting site established that industrial activity existed in early Lembah Bujang history.


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Comments 9

  1. Liz says:
    17 years ago

    Why the name change from Centre for Archaeology Research, Malaysia to the Global Centre for Archaeology Research???
    Are they branching out to world archaeology?

  2. noelbynature says:
    17 years ago

    http://www.usm.my/ver4/berita-penuh.asp?id=6497&idform=7

  3. Nick Gani says:
    17 years ago

    From what i know, they were saying that the centre now is so-called “global” because it contributes to global archaeology as a whole, especially with the supposed finding of the 1.8 million years old hand axe. it doesnt mean that the centre will now be conducting research worldwide.

    that’s as far as i know;) and this doesnt necessarily mean that i agree with the whole name upgrade thing.

  4. noelbynature says:
    17 years ago

    ‘global’ seems to be the new buzzword for the university though, right up there with sustainable development.

  5. dreamhunter says:
    17 years ago

    This is maybe only indirectly connected. Anyway, some of you may have heard of a Bengali prince named Buddhagupta (also titled “Mahanavika”, meaning “Great Mariner”) who founded an ancient kingdom in northern Malaya which he named Raktamarittika (Red Earth) after his hometown. The Chinese then called it Chi Tu. This Chi Tu (Tanah Merah) is believed to have been located either in Kedah, Southern Thailand or Kelantan. Or maybe he founded 3 kingdoms in 3 places n named them all with the same name. Not impossible.

    Anyway, I have recently come across info leading me to suspect that this Prince Buddhagupta could possibly have been King Buddhagupta-raja, who another scholar (Indian) believes is a title of Skandagupta, among the bravest n most successful kings of the Gupta dynasty in the Magadha-Bengal region around the mid 5th century AD.

    Your comment?

  6. Nu Zai says:
    15 years ago

    Buddhagupta was a trader not a Prince and did not establish any state in Malay peninsular. It’s a wishful thinking but definitely does not base on any facts. Malay has a very long history and chain of Kings in all over the IndoChina, Sri Lanka even in south India. Buddhagupta was not known in any of Malay tradition. Malay has long establish ancient Malay ruling class and various Malay city states taht thrives on trading with the rest of the world. Not limited to India and China but went as far as Africa (Madagascar & Egypt) and also Russia & Japan. Read the discovery of ancient keris in Okinawa and also the discovery of submerged pyramid near Okinawa which has incsriptions bearing the ancient Malay scripts and ancient Malay language. The inscription actually to commemorate his thanksgiving having a safe journey to Malay city state in Malay Peninsular. A Sailendra Malay dynasty Maharaja actually instructed the workers in Nalanda University to inscript his name, very proudly as King, and his dynasty on a copper plate with Nalanda University official emblem as a memorial in a foreign land.

  7. Nu Zai says:
    15 years ago

    Buddha-Gupta Inscription

    Period: 4th-5th Century CE
    Found in: Seberang Perai, Malaysia
    Material: Stone
    Present Location: National Museum, Calcutta, India

    This stone was set up in Seberang Prai, Malaysia around 400 CE by an Indian Merchant, Buddha Gupta, as an expression of gratitude for his safe arrival after a voyage from India. The Buddha-Gupta stone inscription in Sanskrit using Pallava script is important evidence of the existence of Indian trade relations with Southeast Asia during the 4th to 5th Centuries CE.

    This inscription mentions a sea captain (mahanavika in Sanskrit) named Buddha-Gupta. The inscription prays for a safe voyage from the Red Earth Land (Raktamrttika). Chinese sources refer to this kingdom as Chi-tu, possibly located on the east coast of peninsular Thailand.

  8. Pingback: Bujang in Malaysia – Words in picture
  9. Dreamhunter says:
    6 years ago

    Nu Zai, you do not be so dismissive of something. A prince can still be a merchant. There is no law against that in most places. The time of Buddhagupta Inscription was about late 5th century.

    It happens also that Prince Buddhagupta of Gupta dynasty was also on the verge of ascending the Gupta throne around the same time. It is not impossible that he came to Malay Peninsula when he was still a prince, to trade as well as make friends & build diplomatic alliances on behalf of Gupta dynasty.

    He could have founded a kingdom in Malay Prninsula, then went back to his homeland to become new king of his Gupta kingdom. Nothing far fetched about that at all. This is nothing to do with wishful thinking or anything like that all. But just exploring the possibilities. You need to keep an open mind about things, if you’re really into history as a hobby. You must not close your mind to any possibility.

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